The problem of the soul-body relationship – declined by modernity as the mind-body and mind-brain relationship – constitutes a “red thread” throughout the history of Western philosophy. It is the emblematic example of one of those issues that has never left alone that seeker of truth who is the human being and, at the same time, constitutes the pivot of philosophical anthropology. This seminar intends to present, through the reading and analysis of selected philosophical texts, a possible example – by no means exhaustive – of the intricate diachronic path of such a soul-body/mind-brain problem, within a philosophical perspective of anthropological synthesis that constantly keeps in mind the bio-psycho-social unity of the human person within a systemic horizon. The seminar will also help the preparation of philosophical synthesis topics concerning philosophical anthropology.