Some of the major bioethical issues related to end-of-life situations are addressed. Starting from the analysis of emblematic cases, the course explores the dilemma of “to act or not to act” in such situations. The central focus of ethical reflection and discernment is the integral good of the sick person. The course then examines the longstanding tradition of Catholic moral theology regarding “therapeutic obligation” and presents a synthesis of universal magisterial texts on this issue, from Pius XII to the present day. The concept of euthanasia is then studied as a “human act.” A historical overview follows, tracing the evolution of suicide, assisted suicide, and euthanasia, and identifying the underlying anthropological views that have shaped various positions over time. The current legal situation concerning assisted suicide and euthanasia is also examined. The topic of “Advance Directives” (“Living Will”) is introduced. Finally, the course tackles the question of the validity of the neurological criterion.