The course addresses the main bioethical issues related to end-of-life situations, analyzing emblematic cases involving the dilemma of “to act or not to act” and exploring the Catholic tradition on therapeutic obligation, from the magisterium of Pius XII to the present. It reflects on euthanasia as a human act and on the history of suicide, both assisted and unassisted, along with the corresponding anthropological perspectives. The current legal situation and the topic of Advance Healthcare Directives are examined. The course concludes with a discussion on the neurological criterion for determining death.