The course aims to guide students towards an understanding of some particularly relevant themes in the history of the Church from the French Revolution to the Second Vatican Council. It favors a thematic rather than chronological approach, with considerable emphasis on historical context and mentalities. It requires readings from selected pages of certain textbooks along with an anthology of documents or sources provided by the professor. The larger thematic blocks include the relationship between Church and State (covering topics such as the French Revolution, liberalism, the First Vatican Council, the Social Question, the Roman Question, and Totalitarianism) and internal Church matters, with a particular focus on the History of Theology culminating in the Second Vatican Council, as well as cross-cutting themes like the history of spirituality and religious life during this period. Finally, the historiography module presents various contemporary historiographic trends, analyzing their authors, proposals, and paths.