The course aims to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory principles governing school legislation in general and its historical development within the Italian State. Particular attention is devoted to the teaching of Catholic Religious Education, examined in light of the historical factors that have contributed to its distinctive status within the school system. The course traces the evolution of the relevant legal framework from the Lateran Pacts through the Villa Madama Agreement, leading to the current normative context. Special emphasis is placed on the role and significance of Catholic Religious Education in contemporary Italian schools, as well as on the rights and duties of teachers of Religion.